📘States of Matter

🎯 Learning Objectives

After completing this section, students will be able to:

• Identify different states of matter
• Compare properties of solids, liquids, and gases
• Explain particle arrangement
• Relate properties with real-life examples

✅ Solid

🔹 Properties

• Fixed shape
• Fixed volume
• High density
• Strong intermolecular attraction

🔹 Particle Arrangement

Particles are closely packed and vibrate at fixed positions.

📌 Examples

• Iron
• Wood
• Stone
• Chair, Table

✅ Liquid

🔹 Properties

• No fixed shape
• Fixed volume
• Moderate density
• Moderate intermolecular attraction

🔹 Particle Arrangement

Particles are loosely packed and can move freely.

📌 Examples

• Water
• Oil
• Milk

✅ Gas

🔹 Properties

• No fixed shape
• No fixed volume
• Very low density
• Weak intermolecular attraction

🔹 Particle Arrangement

Particles are far apart and move randomly.

📌 Examples

• Oxygen
• Carbon dioxide
• Air

📊 Comparison of States of Matter

• Solid: Fixed shape and volume, very low motion
• Liquid: No shape but fixed volume, moderate motion
• Gas: No shape or volume, very high motion

📌 Real-Life Connection

• Ice → Solid → fixed shape
• Water → Liquid → takes the shape of container
• Steam → Gas → spreads everywhere

💡 Think & Answer

1. Why do gases have no fixed shape?
2. Why can liquids flow but solids cannot?